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Lagos is surrounded by water. From the Atlantic Ocean to lagoons, creeks, and reclaimed land, moisture is part of everyday life. This proximity combined with a consistently high water table combine to accelerate chloride-induced corrosion of reinforced concrete, exposing buildings to a serious durability threat: concrete cancer.

This phenomenon, concrete cancer, is increasingly observed in buildings across Ikoyi, Victoria Island, Lekki, Eko Atlantic, Ajah, and developments along the New Coastal Road corridor.

These locations experience constant exposure to salty Atlantic air, making waterproofing and durability planning non-negotiable.

What Is Concrete Cancer?

Concrete cancer occurs when reinforcing steel inside concrete begins to corrode. As steel rusts, it expands, creating internal pressure that causes the surrounding concrete to crack, delaminate, and eventually spall.

Once cracks form, moisture and chlorides penetrate deeper, accelerating the corrosion cycle. Without intervention, the structural capacity of the building continues to decline.

Concrete cancer is not a sudden failure. It is a slow, progressive deterioration that weakens structural elements, compromises safety, and leads to expensive repairs if left untreated.

How Salty Atlantic Air Attacks Concrete in Lagos

In Lagos, deterioration typically happens through the following mechanisms:

1. Chloride Penetration from Sea Spray

Salt particles carried by coastal air settle on concrete surfaces and migrate inward with moisture.

2. Constant Moisture Exposure

High humidity and poor drainage keep concrete damp, allowing corrosion to continue even during dry seasons.

3. Carbonation

Carbon dioxide reduces concrete alkalinity, removing the natural protection of reinforcement steel.

4. Cracks and Construction Joints

Thermal movement, settlement, and workmanship issues create pathways for water and salt ingress.

Early Warning Signs of Concrete Cancer

Recognizing early symptoms can save significant repair costs:

• Rust stains on concrete surfaces

• Cracking or flaking concrete
• Bulging or delaminated concrete cover
• Exposed reinforcement bars

• Water leakage through slabs, beams, or walls

These signs indicate that corrosion is already active beneath the surface.

 Mechanism of Concrete Cancer (Technical Breakdown)

1 Chloride Ingress

Chloride ions penetrate concrete through:

• Capillary absorptio
• Diffusion
• Cracks and construction joints

Once chloride concentration at the reinforcement level exceeds the threshold, the passive oxide layer protecting the steel breaks down.

2 Corrosion of Reinforcement

In the presence of oxygen and moisture, steel corrosion initiates. The corrosion products occupy a larger volume than the original steel, generating expansive stresses.

3 Cracking and Spalling

These stresses exceed the tensile capacity of concrete, leading to:

• Longitudinal cracking along reinforcement
• Delamination
• Spalling of concrete cover

At this stage, structural durability is already compromised.

Effective Waterproofing & Protection Strategies for Lagos Structures

1. Integral Waterproofing for New Construction

For coastal and lagoon-side developments, integral crystalline waterproofing admixture such as KIM (Krystol Internal Membrane) should be used at the concrete mixing stage.

From a technical standpoint, KIM:

• Reacts with water and cement by-products
• Forms insoluble crystalline structures
• Blocks capillary pores and micro-cracks permanently
• Self-seals cracks up to specified widths when moisture is present

Unlike membranes, protection is within the concrete, not dependent on surface integrity.

Applications where KIM waterproofing Admixture is Critical

• Basements and foundation slabs
• Roof slabs and terrace decks
• Balconies and podium slabs
• Water-retaining or water-exposed structures
• Coastal and reclaimed land developments

These elements are consistently exposed to moisture and chlorides in Lagos conditions.

Read more on KIM Integral Waterproofing on our website concreteng.com

2. Concrete Repair for Existing Buildings

For affected structures:

• Remove contaminated concrete
• Treat and protect corroded reinforcement
• Restore using compatible repair systems
• Apply protective waterproofing layers

3. Cementitious and Liquid-Applied Waterproofing

These systems protect exposed slabs, terraces, and facades from further water and chloride ingress when applied correctly.

Why Areas Around the New Coastal Road Need Extra Attention

Developments around the New Coastal Road are located on reclaimed or water-adjacent land with:

• High salt exposure (roof slabs, balconies, basements)
• Aggressive groundwater conditions
• Long-term durability demands

For such developments, integral waterproofing should be treated as a durability requirement, addressed from the design stage.

Call to Action

If your building is located in a coastal or high-humidity environment and shows signs of concrete deterioration, Concrete Logistics Limited provides expert assessment, waterproofing, and concrete repair solutions tailored for Nigerian conditions.

Visit: www.concreteng.com
Contact us on 0908 674 4444, 0809 896 1008 for inspection and technical guidance.

Basement leakage is a common problem on many building projects in Nigeria, especially in areas with naturally high water tables like Lagos, and parts of Abuja and Port Harcourt. Once water finds its way into a basement, it becomes a continuous issue if it is not handled properly. Let’s discuss basement leaks and waterproofing.

This guide breaks things down in simple and practical terms so both construction professionals and everyday property owners can understand what causes basement leaks and what basement waterproofing entails.

Why Basements Leak

Basements sit below ground level, so they naturally deal with soil moisture and groundwater pressure. When the waterproofing system is not strong enough, water forces its way through any weakness in the concrete.

Here are the most common causes:

1. Hydrostatic Pressure

When the soil around the structure becomes filled with water, pressure builds up and pushes water into the concrete. This is the main reason basements leak.

2. High Water Table

Some locations have water very close to the ground surface. If below-grade works are not properly waterproofed from the start, leakage will happen almost immediately after construction.

3.  Failed or Inadequate Waterproofing During Construction

If the waterproofing was done with materials that tear easily or get damaged during backfilling, water will find a way in. Membranes are especially vulnerable to this.

4. Cracks and Cold Joints

Concrete cracks naturally during curing and movement. If these cracks or joints were not treated properly, they eventually become clear entry points for water.

5. Pipe Penetrations

Wherever pipes or sleeves pass through the concrete, water tries to sneak in if the penetrations are not sealed correctly

6. Poor Site Dewatering

If the groundwater was not controlled during excavation and concrete placement, the basement walls and slab become exposed to water pressure from day one.

How to Identify Basement Leaks

Basement leakage signs are obvious and others take time to show. Look out for:

• Damp patches on walls
• Water lines or stains
• White powdery deposits on concrete
• Cracks with moisture
• Musty or moldy smell
• Standing water in corners
• Bubbling or peeling paint

Once these appear, the waterproofing has already failed.

Effective Solutions for Basement Waterproofing in Nigeria

Basement waterproofing should always be treated as a major part of the construction, not an afterthought. There are a few reliable methods:

1. Integral Crystalline Waterproofing (KIM)

For new concrete works, this is one of the most dependable options.

Krystol Internal Membrane (KIM) is added inside the concrete mix during batching. When water enters the concrete, the KIM crystals grow and block the pores, reducing water movement.

Why many engineers prefer crystalline systems to prevent basement leakages:

• The waterproofing becomes part of the concrete
• It handles hydrostatic pressure
• It self-seals small cracks
• It is permanent and does not peel or tear

This is why many basements, retaining walls, foundations, tunnels, and marine-facing structures use KIM during construction.

2. External Membrane Systems

These are applied on the outside of the basement walls before backfilling. They work well when installed carefully.

3. Repair Solutions for Existing Basements

For basements that are already leaking, the following are common repair options:

• Crack injection
• Pipe penetration repair
• Joint sealing
• Negative-side waterproofing
• Crystalline slurry application
• Plug and grout repairs for active leaks

Concrete Logistics Limited provides all these systems.

How to Prevent Basement Leaks on Any Project

Here are the most practical steps construction teams should follow:

• Carry out proper dewatering before and during excavation
• Treat all cold joints, construction joints, and penetrations properly
• Use reliable waterproofing materials from the start
• Install good drainage systems around the basement
• Ensure quality control for concrete works
• Avoid shortcuts or patching methods during construction
• It always costs less to prevent leaks than to repair them.

Why Basement Waterproofing Should Never Be Ignored

Basement leakage affects more than just appearance. It impacts:

• Strength and durability of the structure
• Indoor air quality
• Electrical and mechanical installations
• Property value
• Maintenance costs

Water in a basement never stays the same. It gets worse with time.

Basement leakage is preventable when the right waterproofing strategy is used. Whether you are constructing a new building or repairing an existing one, choosing reliable systems like integral crystalline waterproofing ensures long-term performance.

Concrete Logistics Limited provides complete basement waterproofing, leakage repair, dewatering, and below-grade protection solutions for residential, commercial, and industrial projects across Nigeria.

Read more on basement waterproofing on  Kryton’s website

Making the right choice for your building is essential. Leakages in buildings lead to deterioration, expensive repair or eventual collapse. Save your self from traumatizing history with a one stop solution KIM admixture for waterproofing that lasts.

Waterproofing concrete using a crystalline admixture has come a long way since the first Krystol Internal Membrane™ project in 1983. Back then, this method of waterproofing concrete without a surface membrane was completely new. Those early adopters could hardly have envisioned how this technology would change how we build.

Over 40 years later, crystalline waterproofing admixtures are well established, with many products and systems to choose from.

Making the Right Concrete Waterproofing Choice

With all these choices, builders, engineers, and specifiers can have difficulty analyzing their options and making a true apples-to-apples comparison. Construction often requires some compromise between performance and cost. With every aspect of a project under budgetary pressure, it may be tempting to take the lowest cost offer. But a thorough assessment of your project’s waterproofing risk factors can inform that decision, and for a waterproofing system that lasts, ensure that you don’t end up with a system that costs less, but will underperform or fail to provide adequate protection.

What to Consider

To determine system waterproofing that lasts, concrete mix design, admixture selection, and dose are critical decisions; they determine the water resistance of the concrete, its durability against aggressive chemicals, and its susceptibility to corrosion. Review your geotechnical report carefully, and consider the hydrostatic pressure involved, as well as any exposure to sulfates and chlorides. Carefully consider any special requirements, such as the service life requirement of 75 to 100 years. You should also consider how accessible the concrete will be for maintenance in the future. If access will be limited (or impossible), you need to ensure that the admixture will seal leaking cracks. It is important to assess your waterproofing admixture and ensure its testing and performance history will satisfy your conditions now and in the future.

To fully protect your project, you must use a complete waterproofing system that protects not only the concrete but also all of its joints and penetrations. There are many waterstop systems available for this purpose, some of which provide physical barriers to water ingress while others provide chemical barriers. It is often possible to use several products with different properties to protect construction joints.

The advantage of this approach is that it builds redundancy into the waterstop system. This protects against installation and material failures and reduces the likelihood of water leaking through the joints. For projects with high-risk factors, the waterstop should include one, or even two, redundant products.

How to Ensure It’s Reliable

Waterproofing systems are only as reliable as the people who install them. Do not overlook the ability of your waterproofing supplier to support the contractor, review warranty options, and consider what value they may bring to the project. Lower-risk projects may provide opportunities to reduce your waterproofing costs while still delivering a reliable solution. However, that same solution may not provide the robust and reliable protection needed for high-risk, prestigious, or critical projects. Review your risk factors with your waterproofing supplier. This way, you can make an informed analysis of your waterproofing options and choose the optimal solution. For more information, please see Concrete Logistics Limited.

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Any concrete structure that is in close proximity with water faces a myriad of life shortening processes. Reinforced concrete infrastructure, found in marine environments, commonly face reduced life spans due to exposure to extreme environmental conditions, which allow water and waterborne chlorides to penetrate through the concrete to the reinforcing steel. This contact results in corrosion and expansive cracking, which leads to premature deterioration.

In order to ensure concrete structure do not face a reduced life span due to water, steps must taken to protect them. The first step is understanding how water damages concrete in the first place.

1. Concrete deterioration resulting from corrosion of steel reinforcement

There are three essential components necessary for corrosion to take place in reinforced concrete: electrolyte for ion transfer (water), conductor for electron transfer (steel reinforcement), and oxygen. Eliminating one of the above will mitigate the damages due to corrosion. This is why there is no corrosion in dry concrete; furthermore, this is also why it’s important to have low permeability concrete to prevent the movement of water and the harmful chemicals in solution from reaching the steel reinforcements.

Overall, Concrete is a great host for the rebar. Due to the high-alkalinity of concrete, the steel reinforcing bars develop a passive layer that provides a protective barrier to the steel. In this state, concrete normally provides reinforcing steel with excellent corrosion protection. However, the passive layer can be broken down over time due to atmospheric carbon dioxide, causing carbonation, which lowers the pH of the concrete and destabilizes the passive layer. However, carbonation is a slow process and the overall rate depends on the density of concrete and humidity of the exposed environment. Durable concrete with low permeability can reduce the rate of carbonation, in addition to slowing down the rate of water penetration necessary for corrosion to occur.

2. Chloride attack

Poor quality concrete has more connected pores and larger capillaries which increase the potential for the ingress of detrimental substances into the concrete. Substances such as chlorides can enter into the concrete through the pore network, leading to the breakdown of the passive protection layer around the rebar. Without the passive iron oxide film protecting the steel, corrosion is able to commence at a much higher rate.

3. Sulfate attack on concrete structures

Another cause of water attack on concrete is Sulfate. The most common type of Sulfate attack is through external means, whereby water containing dissolved sulfate penetrates the concrete. This is usually the result of high-sulfate soils and ground waters, but can also be caused by atmospheric or industrial water pollution, bacteria in sewers, or even just regular seawater.

A sulfate attack will typically change the composition and microstructure of the concrete and lead to:

• Extensive cracking
• Expansion
• Loss of bond between the cement paste and the aggregate

4. Alkali aggregate reaction (AAR)

Occasionally, certain aggregates can react with the alkali hydroxides in concrete, causing slow deterioration of the concrete through expansion and cracking. These hairline cracks which develop are an invitation for water to cause corrosion of the rebar even in above-grade structures.

There are two forms of alkali-aggregate reaction, Alkali-Silica reaction (ASR) and Alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR). ASR is the more concerning type of reaction, as it is more common to find aggregates that contain reactive silica materials, and the latter, ACR, is relatively rare. With ASR, the silica in these aggregates react with alkali hydroxide in concrete and forms a gel that swells by absorbing the water in the surrounding cement paste, or any water that finds its way into the concrete. As the gel absorbs more moisture, the swelling effect can cause long-term damage to the concrete by inducing expansive pressure. Cracking is often an indicator that ASR is present, with the cracking often located in areas with a frequent supply of water or moisture.

5.Water attack on concrete caused by freeze/thaw cycles

Freeze/thaw actions will likely cause deterioration to non-air entrained concrete. When water freezes to ice, it occupies 9% more volume then that of water. With no available space for this increase in volume, freezing can cause distress to concrete leading to hairline cracks. Thawing will then allow water to penetrate through the cracks and with each freeze/thaw cycle increase the number and size of hairline cracks, resulting in greater damage to the concrete.

Some noticeable signs of freeze/thaw damage are spalling and scaling of the concrete surface, surface parallel cracking, or exposed aggregate.

In keeping the water out of concrete, damage to the structure as a whole – from corrosion, freezing and other water caused effects – can be eliminated.

Are you experiencing concrete damage or leakages in your concrete structure? Contact Concrete Logistics Limited for professional repair.

 

Introduction

Concrete roof slabs are designed to be durable and long-lasting —but over time, leaks and cracks can develop due to exposure, poor workmanship, or aging materials. In Lagos and other parts of Nigeria, where heavy rainfall and harsh weather are common, concrete roof slab leakages are a frequent problem for homeowners, builders, and contractors alike.

These issues can be identified early and repaired permanently when handled with the right materials and methods.

 

Common Causes of Roof Slab Leaks and Cracks

Understanding why concrete slabs fail is the first step toward lasting repairs, such as concrete crack repair. Some common causes include:

1. Poor waterproofing or lack of it entirely: Many buildings skip proper waterproofing at the construction stage.
2. Thermal expansion and contraction: Daily temperature changes cause concrete to expand and shrink, leading to surface cracks.
3. Structural movement: Settlement or vibration in the structure can create stress cracks.
4. Poor drainage: Standing water on flat roofs gradually seeps through porous concrete.
5. Aging or deteriorated concrete: With time, surface wear allows water ingress and chemical attack

 

Signs That Your Concrete Roof Needs Repair

You don’t have to wait until water starts dripping from the ceiling. Look out for these early warning signs:

• Damp patches or moisture stains on the ceiling
• Peeling paint or mold growth indoors
• Visible cracks or exposed reinforcement on the slab
• Efflorescence (white salt-like deposits) on the surface.
• Water pooling on the roof after rainfall

When you notice any of these, it’s best to act quickly. Minor cracks can escalate into serious leakage and structural damage if not addressed, necessitating a comprehensive repair.

 

Effective Solutions for Concrete Roof Slab Leakages

At Concrete Logistics Limited, we approach concrete roof slab leakages and cracks using integrated waterproofing and repair systems designed for long-term performance.

1. Structural Crack Repair

For active cracks, we use specialized injection systems to seal and restore the concrete’s integrity through effective crack repair methods.

• Crystalline Joint and crack repair: Using products like Krystol Plug and Repair Grout System, which stops active leaks and forms a watertight seal within the concrete.

2. Surface Restoration and Coating

After sealing leaks and repairing damage, we apply surface coatings to enhance durability.

• Cementitious waterproof coatings create a continuous, protective barrier against water ingress.
• Protective screed or topping improves drainage and protects the waterproofing layer beneath.

3. Integral Crystalline Waterproofing (Permanent Solution)

For new slabs or major rehabilitation projects, we recommend using Krystol Internal Membrane (KIM) — a crystalline admixture added directly to the concrete mix.
KIM transforms the entire concrete mass into a permanent waterproof barrier by forming crystals that block water pathways.
This approach eliminates future membrane failures and reduces long-term maintenance costs.

 

Why Professional Repair Matters

While temporary fixes like applying surface sealers may seem cost-effective, they rarely last through one rainy season. Professional waterproofing ensures:

• Long-term durability
• Reduced maintenance costs
• Structural safety and protection against corrosion
• Compliance with engineering standards

If you’re experiencing roof slab leakages or noticing cracks in your concrete surfaces, contact Concrete Logistics Limited today for professional repair.

Our team provides detailed site inspections, identifies the root cause of leaks, and applies tailored waterproofing solutions that guarantee durability.

A variety of Non Destructive Testing (NDT) methods have been developed or are under development for investigating and evaluating concrete structures. These methods are aimed at estimation of strength and other properties; monitoring and assessing corrosion; measuring crack size and cover; assessing grout quality; detecting defects and identifying relatively more vulnerable areas in concrete structures.

Many of NDT methods used for concrete testing have their origin to the testing of more homogeneous, metallic system. These methods have a sound scientific basis, but heterogeneity of concrete makes interpretation of results somewhat difficult. There could be many parameters such as materials, mix, workmanship and environment, which influence the results of measurements. Moreover, these tests measure some other property of concrete (e.g. hardness) and the results are interpreted to assess a different property of concrete e.g. strength, which is of primary interest.

Thus, interpretation of results is very important and difficult job where generalization is not possible. As such, operators can carry out tests but interpretation of results must be left to experts having experience and knowledge of application of such non-destructive tests.

 

Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete (NDT on Concrete)

What is Non Destructive Test?

Non Destructive test is a method of testing existing concrete structures to assess the strength and durability of concrete structure. In the non-destructive method of testing, without loading the specimen to failure (i.e. without destructing the concrete) we can measure strength of concrete. Now days this method has become a part of quality control process. This method of testing also helps us to investigate crack depth, micro cracks and deterioration of concrete.

Non-destructive testing of concrete is a very simple method of testing but it requires skilled and experienced persons having some special knowledge to interpret and analyze test results.

Purpose of Non-destructive Tests:

The non-destructive evaluation techniques are being increasingly adopted in concrete structures for the following purposes:

(i) Estimating the in-situ compressive strength

(ii) Estimating the uniformity and homogeneity

(iii) Estimating the quality in relation to standard requirement

(iv) Identifying areas of lower integrity in comparison to other parts

(v) Detection of presence of cracks, voids and other imperfections

(vi) Monitoring changes in the structure of the concrete which may occur with time

(vii) Identification of reinforcement profile and measurement of cover, bar diameter, etc.

(viii) Condition of pre-stressing/reinforcement steel with respect to corrosion

(ix) Chloride, sulphate, alkali contents or degree of carbonation

(x) Measurement of Elastic Modulus

(xi) Condition of grouting in pre-stressing cable

 

Different Methods of Non-Destructive Testing of Concrete

Various non-destructive methods of testing concrete have been developed to analyze properties of hardened concrete, which are given below.

1. Surface Hardness Test

These are of indentation type, include the Williams testing pistol and impact hammers, and are used only for estimation of concrete strength.

2. Rebound Hammer Test

The rebound hammer test measures the elastic rebound of concrete and is primarily used for estimation of concrete strength hand for comparative investigation.

3. Penetration and Pullout Techniques

These include the use of the simbi hammer, spit pins, the Windsor probe, and the pullout test. These measure the penetration and pullout resistance of concrete and are used for strength estimation, but they can also be used for comparative studies.

4. Dynamic or Vibration Tests

These include resonant frequency and mechanical sonic and ultrasonic pulse velocity methods. These are used to evaluate durability and uniformity of concrete and to estimate its strength and elastic properties.

5. Combined Methods

The combined methods involving ultrasonic pulse velocity and rebound hammer have been used to estimate strength of concrete.

6. Radioactive and Nuclear Methods

These include the X-ray and Gamma ray penetration tests for measurement of density and thickness of concrete. Also, the neutron scattering and neutron activation methods are used for moisture and cement content determination.

7. Magnetic and Electrical Methods

The magnetic methods are primarily concerned with determining cover of reinforcement in concrete, whereas the electrical methods, including microwave absorption techniques, have been used to measure moisture content and thickness of concrete.

8. Acoustic Emission Techniques

These have been used to study the initiation and growth of cracks in concrete.

 

Types of Non Destructive Tests:

According to their use, non-destructive equipment can be grouped as under:

i) Strength estimation of concrete

ii) Corrosion assessment and monitoring

iii) Detecting defects in concrete structure

iv) Laboratory tests

 

RECOMMENDATION

It is of outmost importance to ensure the structural integrity of the concrete structures of buildings are assessed for safety and structural competence.

REFERENCES

1. Handbook on Non Destructive testing of concrete
2. Handbook of Concrete Engineering
3. Guide on NDT on Concrete structures
4. Evaluation of Compressive strength using Non Destructive test methods
5. www.theconstructor.org/practical-guide/purpose-of-non-destructive-tests-on-concrete-structures/7688/
6. www.civilblog.org/2015/03/27/what-is-non-destructive-testing-of-concrete-various-ndt-test-methods/

Regardless of the shape or size of your swimming pool, it is a costly investment, which is meant to last for years. Therefore, it is natural for you to insist on keeping it in perfect shape to avoid pool leakages, so you could benefit from having it installed.

However, there might be a time when, inevitably, you’ll have to face one of the worst enemy of pools (black algae), but leaks. When this situation arises, you have to take prompt action, and fix it as soon as possible.

Causes of Leakages in Pool

Old age: – Depending on what type of pool you own, it will present signs of wearing as the time passes. While vinyl and marble-lined basins are the quickest to give in to time, concrete too can sustain damage. Even more, plumbing is also highly susceptible to tearing due to old age, so you should keep an eye on it as well.

Faulty workmanship: – Cheap materials offer cheap solutions to a long-time dream. If the construction materials used to craft your pool are of lower quality, the test of time will highlight the issue, as the pool won’t last too long. While it is not guaranteed that by using expensive materials the result will have a higher-quality, it will surely last longer.

The consequences of leaks are, contrary to their causes, quite easy to pinpoint. They will also serve as a warning that something isn’t right with your pool. What you might notice first is how the environment around the pool changes. The ground is suddenly constantly wet, while all the earthy ground you have nearby, be it grass or flowers becomes a muddy swamp. This bears hazardous-level consequences as inattentive people might slip and hurt themselves. Even more, this might affect the overall landscape, causing serious damage to the house itself, as it might cause landslides – depending on the location and terrain structure.

Direct damage to the pool is another outcome that might appear. Visible cracks in the shell can easily alert you of the damage that had taken place. Lining can easily get worn out with time, so it might tear off and cause a leak. Even concrete, though considered one of the sturdiest materials to craft a pool from present fissures in time. However, the damage might not be as visible as you might think. Fissures and cracks can appear in places you least expect them to, like the water jets in your pool, or the light bulbs, which in turn leads to their faulty operation.

Plumbing system can also be the consequence of pool leakages. Depending on the water composition and chemicals, forcing the pipes to come in direct contact with it through a long period results in corrosion and early deterioration. No matter how resistant the pipes are, when subjected to strong chemicals and acids, they will give in. This, in turn, will lead to substantial damage as well as higher-cost repairs.

How to detect them?

Although you might not be able to deal with them on your own, depending on their severity, identifying them in the early stages is highly important. This will give you a chance of salvaging the remaining systems and equipment before fatal damage can occur. So, what you should keep an eye out for are the following:

• Displaced or loosen lining and tiles
• Direct gaps or fissures in the basin
• Faulty underwater lights
• Standing water near the pool zone
• Unnatural muddy areas around the pool
• Rust and corrosion near the skimmer and drains
• Noisier working-sounds from the pump and skimmer
• Increased electricity and water bills (Leakages will prompt you to pump water into the pool from time-to-time)
• Algae formation right after shock-treatment.

If you’re suspecting a crack has appeared into the basin, yet you’re unsure, you can do to check for invisible leaks is to utilize a bucket. Fill it with water and place it on the basin steps so the rim of the bucket and the water level would be at the same height. Don’t place it lower or higher on the steps, as the test will be invalid. Wait at least 24 hours and after the time is up, return to the scene. Check how the water level fairs. If the water in the basin has a lower level than the water in the bucket, it means that the basin is losing water from somewhere.

Repair and Patch It Up!

Once you detect leaks, it is important to call for professional help. However, depending on their severity, you can administer immediate repairs, to patch them up and prevent them from getting larger or spreading around.

To fix leaks that appear in pools (opening in pool joint, concrete cracks, weaken concrete), use Krystol Plug, Krystol joint repair, Krystol repair grout and Krystol T1/T2 then screed or plaster the surface. This is more than enough to prevent the crack from getting larger.

If your skimmer is the problem, and corrosion around it has given it away, once again Krystol Plug, Krystol repair grout and Krystol T1/T2 can come in handy.

You should contact Concrete Logistics Limited for a comprehensive inspection of your leaking pool.

Plumbing problems – However, require professional help, as they will require Krystol Pipe Penetration repair or maybe a replacement depending how bad it is.

Even if you’ve repaired the problem, you should still call for professional assistance, as they have more experience with pools in general and can provide more insight on what requires to be replaced first. Although it might be pricey to replace the broken unit, for your safety it is an investment you shouldn’t shy away from making.

www.concreteng.com

Introduction

Rising damp is one of the most persistent waterproofing challenges in buildings. It occurs when moisture from the ground seeps upward through porous building materials like brick, concrete, and mortar. If left untreated, rising damp can cause structural damage, mold growth, and unhealthy indoor environments. Traditional waterproofing methods, such as surface coatings and external barriers, often fail over time. However, Krystol Mortar Admixture (KMA) from Kryton offers a permanent, self-healing solution for treating and preventing rising damp.

In this blog, we’ll explore:

– What rising damp is and how it occurs.

– The effects of rising damp on buildings.

– How Kryton’s Krystol Mortar Admixture (KMA) provides a long-term waterproofing

 

What is Rising Damp?

Rising damp is the capillary movement of groundwater through porous masonry materials. Similar to how a sponge absorbs water, building materials like bricks and mortar draw moisture from the soil upward, leading to damp walls and structural deterioration.

Causes of Rising Damp

Several factors contribute to rising damp in buildings:

1. Absence or Failure of a Damp Proof Course (DPC) – Older buildings may lack a proper DPC, or existing barriers may deteriorate over time.

2. Porous Building Materials – Cement, mortar, and bricks absorb moisture due to their microscopic pores.

3. High Water Table – In areas with high groundwater levels, moisture continuously rises into structures.

4. Poor Drainage Around Foundations – Water pooling around the building increases the risk of rising damp.

 

What Rising Damp looks like

 

Effects of Rising Damp

Rising damp isn’t just an aesthetic issue, it can weaken the structure of a building and create health hazards.

• Structural Damage: Moisture weakens walls, causing plaster to crack, peel, or crumble.
• Salt Efflorescence: White salt deposits appear on walls as moisture evaporates.
• Mold and Mildew Growth: Damp conditions promote fungal growth, leading to musty odors and respiratory issues.
• Heat Loss & Higher Energy Bills: Moist walls have reduced insulation, making buildings colder in winter and increasing heating costs.

The best way to protect your home from rising damp is by using an integral waterproofing solution like Kryton’s KMA.

 

Treatment of Rising Damp with Krystol Mortar Admixture(KMA)

What is Krystol Mortar Admixture (KMA)?

KMA is a crystalline waterproofing admixture that is added directly to mortar or plaster during construction. Unlike traditional waterproofing coatings, KMA becomes a permanent part of the structure, providing self-sealing, long-lasting protection against rising damp.

KMA simplifies installation by removing the need for surface applied sealers and is incorporated easily into existing masonry and stucco products and application processes. KMA provides superior waterproofing performance that lowers building maintenance and repair costs.

How Does KMA Work?

• Crystalline Technology: KMA reacts with water and cement particles to form needle-like crystals inside the mortar.
• Blocks Water Pathways: These crystals fill capillary pores and micro-cracks, preventing moisture from rising.
• Self-Healing Ability: If cracks form later, moisture reactivates the crystals, sealing new gaps automatically.
• Durable & Permanent: Unlike waterproofing paints and membranes, KMA never peels, cracks, or wears off.

 

How to Use Krystol Mortar Admixture for Rising Damp Treatment

1. Mix KMA into Mortar

• Dosage: Add 2% KMA by weight of cement into the mortar mix.
• Ensure proper mixing for even distribution of waterproofing properties.

2. Apply KMA-Modified Mortar to Affected Areas

• For New Construction: Use KMA-enhanced mortar for bricklaying and plastering to prevent rising damp.
• For Existing Walls: Remove damaged plaster and apply a new KMA-modified waterproofing layer.

3. Improve Drainage & Groundwater Control

• Install French drains or a perimeter drainage system to redirect water away from foundations. Ensure proper site grading to prevent water accumulation near walls.

 

Why Choose KMA Over Traditional Waterproofing Methods?

 

Feature	Krystol Mortar Admixture (KMA)	Traditional Waterproofing (Coatings & Membranes)
Durability	Permanent, becomes part of the structure	Can degrade, peel, or crack over time
Self- Healing	Reactivates crystals to seal cracks	No self-repairing ability
Application	Mixed into mortar, no extra labor	Requires surface preparation &multiple layers
Resistance	Works against hydrostatic pressure	May fail under high-pressure moisture

 

Final Thoughts: Protect Your Home with Kryton KMA

Rising damp is a serious issue that can lead to expensive repairs and health hazards. Kryton’s Krystol
Mortar Admixture (KMA) is a permanent, self-healing waterproofing solution that protects your home from moisture damage.

Key Takeaways:

• Stops rising damp by blocking water pathways within mortar.
• Permanent waterproofing – no need for external coatings or membranes.
• Self-healing technology – automatically seals future cracks.
• Ideal for masonry, plastering, and renovation projects.

 

Every drop of rain tells a story one of either durability or vulnerability. Without the right waterproofing solutions, rain exposes weaknesses, causing leaks, damp walls, and long-term structural damage. Many properties in Nigeria suffer because they weren’t built to withstand the test of time. But that’s where we come in.

At Concrete Logistics Limited, durability isn’t just a promise it’s who we are. We provide long-lasting, innovative waterproofing solutions designed to protect your property for years to come. Whether it’s basement waterproofing, leak prevention, or full-scale concrete protection, our solutions ensure your building stands strong through every rainy season.

Don’t wait for water damage to take over, let’s build with durability in mind

The Impact of Rain on Buildings

• Leaky Roofs: Poorly sealed roofs allow water to seep through, damaging interiors.
• Damp Basement & Walls: Inadequate below-grade waterproofing leads to water infiltration, causing cracks and weakening the structure.
• Foundation Damages: Prolonged water exposure can erode the foundation, weakening structural integrity over time
• Cracks in Walls & Floors: Water seeps through small cracks, expanding them over time and leading to bigger issues.
• Mold or Mildew Growth: Damp environments encourage mold, which can damage your property and harm your health.

 Why Waterproofing Matters

Waterproofing your property is more than just an aesthetic choice, it’s a critical part of building maintenance. Here’s why:

• Prevention Over Costly Repairs: Waterproofing prevents water from infiltrating your building, saving you from expensive repairs down the line.
• Protection for Structural Integrity: Consistent water damage weakens concrete, steel, and wooden structures. Waterproofing helps maintain a building’s strength.
• Improved Indoor Air Quality: Damp areas breed mold and mildew, which negatively affect indoor air quality. Waterproofing eliminates these risks, keeping your space healthier.

Durable Waterproofing Solutions

At Concrete Logistics Limited, we specialize in durable waterproofing solutions tailored to your building’s unique needs. Our techniques are designed not only to stop leaks but also to withstand Lagos’s rainy seasons for years.

Some of our key services include:

• Integral Concrete Waterproofing:

Basement Waterproofing: Ensure your foundation stays dry and safe with our basement waterproofing services, preventing leaks and dampness.

Above and Below Grade Waterproofing: Whether it’s the foundation or roof, we apply top-tier waterproofing materials to shield every part of your structure.

• Concrete Repairs & Restoration: Over time, concrete can crack, spall, or deteriorate, leaving your property vulnerable to water damage. We provide expert concrete repairs and restoration services to repair cracks, restore damaged surfaces, and reinforce the structural integrity of your concrete, ensuring lasting durability and protection against water infiltration
• Dewatering and Groundwater Control Solutions: Our dewatering services remove excess water from your site, ensuring construction projects stay on track without water damage delays

These dewatering services include:

– Well point dewatering

– Open pump solutions

– Pipeline dewatering

– Deep well system

Each of our solutions is crafted with durability in mind, offering protection for the long term.

Call to Action

Rain is a reminder that your building’s waterproofing isn’t just an afterthought it’s a necessity. If you’re ready to protect your property from the next downpour, contact Concrete Logistics Limited today.

Our team of experts is ready to assess your building’s needs and recommend the best waterproofing solutions tailored for you.

Here at Concrete Logistics Ltd, we enhance durability and protect your investment in concrete